Do I need surge protection if I already have an RCD or RCBO?

Yes. RCDs and RCBOs protect against earth leakage and overcurrent faults, not transient overvoltages. An SPD handles fast, high-energy spikes that can damage electronics. They solve different problems and complement each other.

Where should I install a Type 2 SPD in a typical home?

Install a Type 2 SPD at the main consumer unit so it can intercept surges before they branch out to final circuits. Keep the leads short and direct, with neat routing and solid earthing, to maximize performance.

Is a three-phase SPD necessary for small workshops?

If your workshop runs on three-phase supply, a three-phase SPD is recommended. Choose 3-pole for phase-to-phase focus or 3P+N if you need neutral protection, especially where sensitive electronics or mixed loads are present.

Can a plug-in surge strip replace a whole-home SPD?

No. A plug-in strip is a point-of-use, Type 3 style protector. It’s great as the final layer for individual devices, but it won’t protect the entire installation the way a Type 1 or Type 2 device at the board can.

How often should I replace an SPD?

There’s no fixed timetable because it depends on surge exposure. Check indicator windows during periodic inspections. If a module shows a fault state or you’ve experienced significant surge events, replace the affected module or unit promptly.

Ultimate Surge Protectors in the UK

Surge Protection Devices	Price
Connektgear 2m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X	£10.23
Connektgear 2m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X	£10.23
Connektgear 5m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X	£12.29
Connektgear 5m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X	£12.29
Logilink Pa0263 Surge Protector White 1 Ac Outlet S 230 V	£14.76
Logilink Pa0263 Surge Protector White 1 Ac Outlet S 230 V	£14.76
Digitus Surge Protection Adapter	£15.01
Belkin Srb001ca2m Surge Protector White 4 Ac Outlet S 2 M	£37.61
Belkin Srb001ca2m Surge Protector White 4 Ac Outlet S 2 M	£37.61
Black Box Sp427a Surge Protector	£256.86

Best Surge Protection Devices in the UK: Top Picks, Types, and a No-Nonsense Buying Guide

Why Surge Protection Matters More Than Ever

Ever had a pricey TV or gaming console go kaput after a storm or a random power spike? It’s a gut punch. That’s exactly what surge protection devices (SPDs) are designed to prevent. Whether you’re safeguarding a home full of smart tech, a small workshop with sensitive equipment, or a three-phase commercial installation, the right SPD can act like a goalie—blocking destructive voltage surges before they smash into your electronics. In this guide, we’ll walk through standout options such as the Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P series, Schneider’s LRD04 (a smart companion to SPDs), and several robust Fusebox solutions, plus the key features to compare so you buy with confidence.

SPD Types Explained: The Simple Way

Let’s demystify what can feel like alphabet soup. Surge protection devices typically come in three types, and each sits at a different point in your electrical system. Think of them as a layered defense, like wearing a raincoat, umbrella, and waterproof boots on a stormy day. The goal is to stop the big hits at the source and clean up the smaller ripples closer to your gear.

Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3—What’s the Difference?

Type 1 SPDs are your first line of defense, usually placed at the service entrance. They’re designed to handle big surges (like lightning-induced transients) before they travel deeper into your system. Type 2 SPDs are installed at the main distribution board to catch residual surges that slip through. Type 3 SPDs protect specific devices at the point of use—think power strips and socket-level protection for TVs, PCs, or audio setups. Use one, two, or all three layers depending on your risk level and the value of what you’re protecting.

Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P Surge Arrester SPD 3 Pole: Solid Three-Phase Protection

If you’re running a three-phase setup at home or on a light commercial board, the Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P Surge Arrester is a compelling pick. It’s purpose-built to clamp down on transient overvoltages across three active phases, helping protect everything downstream—from induction hobs and HVAC controls to CNC gear and more. The design targets those big spikes that can otherwise stress insulation, degrade components, and shorten equipment lifespan.

Who Needs a 3-Pole SPD?

Have a three-phase board without a dedicated neutral requirement for your SPD, and want straightforward, effective protection? That’s where a 3-pole unit shines. It’s a clean fit for balanced three-phase loads and environments where equipment relies primarily on phase-to-phase connections. If your installation demands neutral protection, you’ll likely want to look at a 3P+N version (we cover that next).

Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P Surge Arrester SPD 3 Pole Neutral: Extra Coverage Where It Counts

Not all three-phase systems are created equal. In many UK installations, neutral and earth conductors can be just as exposed to surges as the phases themselves. Enter the Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P Neutral variant, often referred to as 3P+N or 3P+NPE. It delivers an extra layer of protection by providing a path for surges involving the neutral, not just the phases.

When 3P+N Is the Right Choice

If your distribution board and downstream circuits use a neutral conductor—especially if you’re protecting sensitive electronics, IT equipment, EV chargers, or mixed loads—choosing the neutral-protecting variant is smart. It helps reduce “let-through” energy and balances protection across all conductors, which can make a real difference when the surge doesn’t follow a neat phase-to-phase path.

Schneider LRD04 Thermal Overload 0.40–0.63A for LC1D09–D38: A Perfect SPD Companion

Quick heads-up: the Schneider LRD04 isn’t an SPD. It’s a thermal overload relay. So why is it in this conversation? Because surge protection and overload protection are two halves of a complete strategy. SPDs guard against voltage spikes. Overload relays like the Schneider LRD04 protect motors from prolonged overcurrent that overheats windings and wrecks productivity. If you’re building or upgrading a control panel or a motor-driven system, pairing proper SPDs with the right overload relay gives you both fast-acting surge defense and dependable thermal protection.

Overload Relay vs Surge Protector—Do You Need Both?

Absolutely, if you run motors, pumps, or fans. The LRD04 (matched to LC1D09–D38 contactors) covers the slow-and-steady danger: overcurrent that cooks motors. The SPD handles the flash-bang risk: sudden voltage spikes that punch through insulation. Together, they extend equipment life and cut downtime. It’s like locking your front door and also installing a lightning rod—different threats, different solutions.

Fusebox T2 Surge Protection Device with MCB: Practical and Installer-Friendly

Fusebox has carved out a reputation for value and straightforward design, and the Fusebox Type 2 SPD with an integrated MCB is a great example. By bundling the SPD with an appropriate breaker, you get coordinated protection and simpler board design. You’re not hunting for separate components or guessing if the upstream protection is sized correctly—handy for upgrades where board space and time are tight.

Why Pairing an SPD with an MCB Is Smart

An SPD needs effective overcurrent protection to operate safely. During a surge event, it diverts energy away from your circuits. The MCB ensures the SPD is backed up properly if things get hairy. With a pre-matched combo, you reduce the risk of miscoordination and installation errors, and you make maintenance more predictable.

Fusebox Combined Type 1, 2 & 3 Surge Protection Device Kit: Layered Defense in a Box

Want the “fit it once and sleep better” approach? A combined Type 1, 2 & 3 kit delivers layered protection from the intake to the sockets. This all-in-one strategy is especially attractive in areas prone to storms or facilities with a lot of sensitive electronics. Fusebox’s combined kit aims to provide that tiered defense without piecing together separate devices and guessing about coordination across types.

One Kit to Cover the Bases

By tackling big surges at the service entry, managing residual spikes at the board, and cleaning up at the point of use, a combined kit reduces risk across the full chain. It’s like a three-stage water filter for your power—catch the boulders, strain the gravel, and then polish the final sip. If you’re modernizing an older property or building out a smart home, this approach can be a lifesaver for your gear.

Fusebox 3-Phase T2 SPD 3P N-PE TPN Kit with Cables and 3P B32 MCB: Built for Heavier Loads

Three-phase users, this one’s for you. The Fusebox 3-Phase Type 2 SPD kit with N-PE protection, bundled cables, and a 3-pole B32 MCB, is tailored for more demanding installations. Whether you’re protecting a workshop, retail equipment, or a larger property with three-phase service, this kit aims to make specification simple and installation tidy.

Who Benefits Most from Three-Phase T2 with N-PE?

If you’ve got a TPN board, mixed loads including sensitive electronics, and a need for balanced protection across phases, neutral, and earth, this kit is right up your street. Pre-supplied cables and coordinated overcurrent protection mean fewer moving parts during installation and fewer variables to second-guess later.

Other Worthy Options: Consumer Strips, UPS Units, and Socket Protection

Whole-home or board-level SPDs are the backbone, but don’t forget point-of-use. Quality surge-protecting power strips and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) from brands like APC, Belkin, and Eaton bring protection right to your devices. They’re perfect for home offices, media centers, and gaming setups where even a small spike can crash a session or corrupt data.

When a Power Strip or UPS Makes Sense

If you can’t control what’s upstream (say you rent or can’t modify the consumer unit), a good surge strip or a UPS adds targeted defense. A UPS also gives you ride-through time during outages, so you can save work and shut down cleanly. For home studio rigs, NAS drives, or home servers, that’s not a nice-to-have—it’s essential.

Key Specs That Actually Matter

Spec sheets can look like a math exam. Don’t sweat it. Focus on a small set of features that truly influence performance and longevity. That way you’re comparing apples to apples, not drowning in jargon.

What to Compare Before You Buy

Look at the surge current rating (often shown in kA) to gauge how much energy the SPD can divert. Check the clamping or protection level (in volts) to see how low it can limit a surge—lower can be gentler on sensitive kit. Verify the protection modes (L-N, L-PE, N-PE for single phase; all phase combinations for three-phase) so each conductor is covered. Indicator windows or LEDs help you know when a module has reached end-of-life. Replaceable cartridges can save money down the line. Finally, make sure the device meets relevant standards, such as BS EN 61643, and is coordinated with proper upstream overcurrent protection.

Installation and Best Practices

Good gear can underperform if it’s installed poorly. A few simple habits make a big difference. Keep leads short, with neat routing, and avoid unnecessary bends. Place the SPD where it can intercept surges before they branch off to critical circuits, and make sure your earthing is solid. A sloppy earth is like putting on a seatbelt but leaving the buckle unclicked.

Positioning Tips You’ll Actually Use

Mount SPDs close to the main busbars or as instructed by the board manufacturer, with short, straight conductors—aim for the shortest practical connection, measured in inches rather than feet wherever possible. Use appropriately rated breakers or fuses in line with the SPD maker’s guidance. If you’re layering protection, coordinate Type 1 at the intake, Type 2 at distribution, and Type 3 at the device, so each stage reduces what the next one has to swallow.

Maintenance: Set It and Forget It? Not Quite

SPDs work silently, but they don’t last forever. Each surge event stresses internal components, and eventually they reach the end of their service life. The good ones make this clear with visible indicators—green for good, red for replace. Keep an eye out during periodic inspections, just like you’d check smoke alarms or test RCDs.

Signs It’s Time to Replace

Look for tripped indicators, discolored modules, or nuisance breaker trips associated with the SPD. If you’ve had major storms or known surge events, schedule a check. Replaceable modules are a boon—swap the spent part and you’re back in business without rewiring the whole assembly.

Budget and Value: How to Buy Smart

Price tags vary widely, but so does what you get. Aim for devices with clear ratings, matching accessories (like the right MCB), and reputable brand support. Resist the cheapest, no-name option with vague specs; that’s like buying a parachute from a street stall. Instead, compare offers from multiple retailers and use a reliable price-comparison platform to spot genuine savings without compromising on core protections or standards compliance.

Where to Find Deals Without Cutting Corners

Look for bundles that include coordinated breakers, pre-cut cables, or modular designs that save you on future maintenance. Seasonal promos on three-phase kits or combined Type 1/2/3 packages can deliver excellent value, especially when you’re upgrading an entire board rather than adding a single device.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even pros can stumble on the basics. The most common missteps usually involve poor coordination, sloppy wiring, or misplaced expectations about what an SPD can do. Avoid these, and you’ll squeeze far more life out of your gear.

Top Pitfalls and How to Dodge Them

Don’t rely on a plug-in strip to protect an entire building—use point-of-use as the final layer, not the only one. Don’t ignore the neutral; in many systems, N-PE surges are real and damaging. Don’t use long, looping leads that add impedance and slow the SPD’s response. And don’t skip proper earthing—an SPD with a poor earth is like a fire extinguisher with no pressure.

Product Snapshots: Matching Use-Cases to the Right Gear

Let’s tie this to real products mentioned earlier so you can choose faster. Think about your installation, your most sensitive equipment, and how much downtime you can tolerate. That will guide your hand more than any single spec ever could.

For Three-Phase Without Neutral Emphasis: Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P

Use this when you’re balancing loads on three phases and want a clean, compact SPD focused on phase-to-phase events. It’s a great fit for small industrial setups and balanced three-phase panels.

For Three-Phase With Neutral Coverage: Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P + Neutral

Choose this when sensitive electronics and mixed loads are involved, where neutral paths can carry surges. You’ll get a more complete protective envelope across phases and neutral.

For Coordinated, Installer-Friendly Upgrades: Fusebox T2 with MCB

Ideal if you want a Type 2 solution that slots into a domestic or light commercial board with minimal guesswork. The bundled breaker keeps the design tidy and compliant.

For Layered Protection in One Hit: Fusebox Combined Type 1, 2 & 3 Kit

If you want protection from the intake to the sockets and you’re upgrading a modern, tech-heavy property, this kit helps you avoid mismatched parts while delivering comprehensive coverage.

For Robust Three-Phase Boards: Fusebox T2 3P N-PE TPN Kit with B32 MCB

When you’ve got heavier loads, a TPN board, and a mix of sensitive electronics, this kit’s combination of three-phase coverage, N-PE protection, and included MCB makes life easier for both the installer and the owner.

Safety Notes You Shouldn’t Skip

SPDs are protective gear; treat them with respect. Always isolate power, follow manufacturer instructions, and, if in doubt, use a qualified electrician. After installation, label the device clearly and keep documentation handy. Document the date of installation and schedule periodic checks—your future self will thank you.

Earthing and Bonding: The Unsung Heroes

Great SPDs without solid earthing are like a sports car with flat tires—it looks right, but it won’t perform. Make sure bonding is sound and connections are tight. Keep conductor paths short and direct, measured in inches, not yards. It’s the shortest, neatest route that usually wins.

The Bottom Line on Choosing Your SPD

If you remember nothing else, remember this: match the SPD to your installation type, layer protection where it makes sense, and don’t skimp on quality. Products like the Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P (with and without neutral), the Schneider LRD04 overload relay as a perfect motor-protection companion, and the Fusebox lineup—from Type 2 with MCB to combined Type 1/2/3 and the three-phase TPN kit—cover the most common UK scenarios beautifully. Get the fundamentals right and your gear will thank you with years of reliable service.

Conclusion

Power surges are unpredictable, but your protection strategy doesn’t have to be. Start with a clear picture of your supply (single or three-phase), decide where layered defense adds value, and pick proven gear that fits your board and your budget. The Chint and Fusebox solutions highlighted here deliver practical, standards-aligned protection for homes and businesses alike, while Schneider’s LRD04 rounds out your setup for motor-driven loads. Compare offers, choose wisely, and install carefully—then enjoy peace of mind knowing your tech and tools are guarded against the unexpected.

Surge Protection Devices

Surge Protection Devices	Price
Connektgear 2m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X	£10.23
Connektgear 2m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X	£10.23
Connektgear 5m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X	£12.29
Connektgear 5m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X	£12.29
Logilink Pa0263 Surge Protector White 1 Ac Outlet S 230 V	£14.76
Logilink Pa0263 Surge Protector White 1 Ac Outlet S 230 V	£14.76
Digitus Surge Protection Adapter	£15.01
Belkin Srb001ca2m Surge Protector White 4 Ac Outlet S 2 M	£37.61
Belkin Srb001ca2m Surge Protector White 4 Ac Outlet S 2 M	£37.61
Black Box Sp427a Surge Protector	£256.86

Best Surge Protection Devices in the UK: Top Picks, Types, and a No-Nonsense Buying Guide

Why Surge Protection Matters More Than Ever

SPD Types Explained: The Simple Way

Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3—What’s the Difference?

Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P Surge Arrester SPD 3 Pole: Solid Three-Phase Protection

Who Needs a 3-Pole SPD?

Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P Surge Arrester SPD 3 Pole Neutral: Extra Coverage Where It Counts

When 3P+N Is the Right Choice

Schneider LRD04 Thermal Overload 0.40–0.63A for LC1D09–D38: A Perfect SPD Companion

Overload Relay vs Surge Protector—Do You Need Both?

Fusebox T2 Surge Protection Device with MCB: Practical and Installer-Friendly

Why Pairing an SPD with an MCB Is Smart

Fusebox Combined Type 1, 2 & 3 Surge Protection Device Kit: Layered Defense in a Box

One Kit to Cover the Bases

Fusebox 3-Phase T2 SPD 3P N-PE TPN Kit with Cables and 3P B32 MCB: Built for Heavier Loads

Who Benefits Most from Three-Phase T2 with N-PE?

Other Worthy Options: Consumer Strips, UPS Units, and Socket Protection

When a Power Strip or UPS Makes Sense

Key Specs That Actually Matter

What to Compare Before You Buy

Installation and Best Practices

Positioning Tips You’ll Actually Use

Maintenance: Set It and Forget It? Not Quite

Signs It’s Time to Replace

Budget and Value: How to Buy Smart

Where to Find Deals Without Cutting Corners

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Top Pitfalls and How to Dodge Them

Product Snapshots: Matching Use-Cases to the Right Gear

For Three-Phase Without Neutral Emphasis: Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P

Use this when you’re balancing loads on three phases and want a clean, compact SPD focused on phase-to-phase events. It’s a great fit for small industrial setups and balanced three-phase panels.

For Three-Phase With Neutral Coverage: Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P + Neutral

Choose this when sensitive electronics and mixed loads are involved, where neutral paths can carry surges. You’ll get a more complete protective envelope across phases and neutral.

For Coordinated, Installer-Friendly Upgrades: Fusebox T2 with MCB

Ideal if you want a Type 2 solution that slots into a domestic or light commercial board with minimal guesswork. The bundled breaker keeps the design tidy and compliant.

For Layered Protection in One Hit: Fusebox Combined Type 1, 2 & 3 Kit

If you want protection from the intake to the sockets and you’re upgrading a modern, tech-heavy property, this kit helps you avoid mismatched parts while delivering comprehensive coverage.

Surge Protection Devices

Enkin Load Correction Module - Size L46mm X H12mm X W19mm

6-way Horizontal 13a Switched Pdu 19-inch 1u Standardised Power Distribution Unit 2m Lead

6-way Horizontal Iec C13 Surge Protected Switched Pdu 19-inch 1u Power Distribution Unit 2m

12-way Horizontal Iec C13 Switched Pdu 19-inch 1u Power Distribution Unit 2m

6-way Horizontal Iec C13 Switched Pdu 19-inch 1u Power Distribution Unit 2m

Digitus Surge Protection Adapter

Logilink Pa0263 Surge Protector White 1 Ac Outlet S 230 V

Connektgear 2m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X

Connektgear 5m 4 Way Surge Protected Extension Block - Uk Plug To 4 X

Zyxel Surgepro-ge-zz0101f Surge Protector

Naotic Charging Cart It Cart 32 - 903016

Black Box Sp427a Surge Protector

Eaton Brightlayer Epms - Device

Microchip Technology Pd-out Sp11 Surge Protector Beige - Silver

Eaton B110-sp-poe-1 Surge Protector Black

Axis 03537-001 Surveying Equipment Part Accessory

Panzerglass Care By Flow Case Vanilla W. Qi Samsung Galaxy S26

Sealey Proj 12 24 Battery Booster Cable Jump Leads Electronics Protection

Apc Protectnet Grey

Belkin Srb001ca2m Surge Protector White 4 Ac Outlet S 2 M

Cables Direct Rb-05m04spd Surge Protector White 4 Ac Outlet S 220-240 V 5 M

Serious Sam 4

The Surge - Augmented Edition

Surge Protection Devices price list

Questions and answers about Surge Protection Devices

Do I need surge protection if I already have an RCD or RCBO?

Yes. RCDs and RCBOs protect against earth leakage and overcurrent faults, not transient overvoltages. An SPD handles fast, high-energy spikes that can damage electronics. They solve different problems and complement each other.

Where should I install a Type 2 SPD in a typical home?

Install a Type 2 SPD at the main consumer unit so it can intercept surges before they branch out to final circuits. Keep the leads short and direct, with neat routing and solid earthing, to maximize performance.

Is a three-phase SPD necessary for small workshops?

If your workshop runs on three-phase supply, a three-phase SPD is recommended. Choose 3-pole for phase-to-phase focus or 3P+N if you need neutral protection, especially where sensitive electronics or mixed loads are present.

Can a plug-in surge strip replace a whole-home SPD?

No. A plug-in strip is a point-of-use, Type 3 style protector. It’s great as the final layer for individual devices, but it won’t protect the entire installation the way a Type 1 or Type 2 device at the board can.

How often should I replace an SPD?

There’s no fixed timetable because it depends on surge exposure. Check indicator windows during periodic inspections. If a module shows a fault state or you’ve experienced significant surge events, replace the affected module or unit promptly.

Best Surge Protection Devices in the UK: Top Picks, Types, and a No-Nonsense Buying Guide

Why Surge Protection Matters More Than Ever

SPD Types Explained: The Simple Way

Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3—What’s the Difference?

Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P Surge Arrester SPD 3 Pole: Solid Three-Phase Protection

Who Needs a 3-Pole SPD?

Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P Surge Arrester SPD 3 Pole Neutral: Extra Coverage Where It Counts

When 3P+N Is the Right Choice

Schneider LRD04 Thermal Overload 0.40–0.63A for LC1D09–D38: A Perfect SPD Companion

Overload Relay vs Surge Protector—Do You Need Both?

Fusebox T2 Surge Protection Device with MCB: Practical and Installer-Friendly

Why Pairing an SPD with an MCB Is Smart

Fusebox Combined Type 1, 2 & 3 Surge Protection Device Kit: Layered Defense in a Box

One Kit to Cover the Bases

Fusebox 3-Phase T2 SPD 3P N-PE TPN Kit with Cables and 3P B32 MCB: Built for Heavier Loads

Who Benefits Most from Three-Phase T2 with N-PE?

Other Worthy Options: Consumer Strips, UPS Units, and Socket Protection

When a Power Strip or UPS Makes Sense

Key Specs That Actually Matter

What to Compare Before You Buy

Installation and Best Practices

Positioning Tips You’ll Actually Use

Maintenance: Set It and Forget It? Not Quite

Signs It’s Time to Replace

Budget and Value: How to Buy Smart

Where to Find Deals Without Cutting Corners

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Top Pitfalls and How to Dodge Them

Product Snapshots: Matching Use-Cases to the Right Gear

For Three-Phase Without Neutral Emphasis: Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P

For Three-Phase With Neutral Coverage: Chint Nu6-ii-g F-3P + Neutral

For Coordinated, Installer-Friendly Upgrades: Fusebox T2 with MCB

For Layered Protection in One Hit: Fusebox Combined Type 1, 2 & 3 Kit

For Robust Three-Phase Boards: Fusebox T2 3P N-PE TPN Kit with B32 MCB

Safety Notes You Shouldn’t Skip

Earthing and Bonding: The Unsung Heroes

The Bottom Line on Choosing Your SPD

Conclusion

Surge Protection Devices price list

Questions and answers about Surge Protection Devices

Do I need surge protection if I already have an RCD or RCBO?

Yes. RCDs and RCBOs protect against earth leakage and overcurrent faults, not transient overvoltages. An SPD handles fast, high-energy spikes that can damage electronics. They solve different problems and complement each other.

Where should I install a Type 2 SPD in a typical home?

Install a Type 2 SPD at the main consumer unit so it can intercept surges before they branch out to final circuits. Keep the leads short and direct, with neat routing and solid earthing, to maximize performance.